Thinks 736

Barbara Oakley  &  Terrence Sejnowski: “The brain has two major learning systems. One is based on practice, and leads to fast, automatic behavior. This system is not accessible by conscious thought and is the source of intuition. The second system is based on deliberate thought—it is slow but flexible. You are consciously aware and can verbalize what you have learned. These two systems are roughly analogous to Nobel Prize winner Daniel Kahneman’s “thinking, fast and slow.” Students need both fast and slow systems to learn well. Yet over the past fifty years, education, and math education in particular, has dismissed the importance of fast automaticity in learning—insisting instead that students can always look up whatever they need to know, and that drill equates to kill. But focusing primarily on slow, flexible thinking, appealing as it may be, is akin to asking a sprinter to run faster by hopping on only one leg.”

Gareth Edwards: “At its simplest, the trust thermocline represents the point at which a consumer decides that the mental cost of staying with a product is outweighed by their desire to abandon it. This may seem like an obvious problem, yet if that were the case, this behavior wouldn’t happen so frequently in technology businesses and in more traditional firms that prided themselves on consumer loyalty, such as car manufacturers and retail chains. These collapses happen because most businesses fail to properly understand how a reliance on emotional engagement changes the way consumer trust in their product works. That reliance is particularly common with digital products or social media, where personal image, follower count, and “influencer” behavior are a critical part of the user experience.”

David Perell: “Society functions like one big company now. On the surface, big companies are great. They’re safe, reliable, and predictable. They usually have good healthcare benefits and competitive paid-time-off policies. The problem is all the corporate nonsense: mindless paper pushing, work that only crawls forward, the need to always ask for permission, oppressively narrow specialization, slapdash Powerpoints, pointless meetings, and just about everything else you see in a Dilbert comic. Instead of innovating towards a better future, we’ve downshifted into risk management. Our world is increasingly governed by administrators and bureaucrats who tap, click, and filibuster their way through the world.”

Shankkar Aiyar: “The Constitution of India states that urban development is a state subject – and governments state this in Parliament with uncommon religiosity. That said, the biggest programmes and allocations for urban development emanate from the Union Government. The 74th Amendment to the Constitution promised the transfer of funds and functions from the Centre and states to local governments. In over a quarter of a century, the promise has been waylaid by politics. As the late Vilasrao Deshmukh once said, the states do to local governments what the Centre does to states. The divorce of authority and accountability has left urban India trapped in a systemic dystopia. Every five years, citizens of Mumbai vote to elect councillors in municipal elections. The Brihanmumbai Municipal Corporation of Mumbai is the largest and richest municipal body with a budget of over Rs 45000 crore. How empowered is the body? The budget is presented by appointed officials. The 227 elected corporators can scarcely define how the money is spent.”

Richard Morrison: “When it comes to the biggest debate of economic policy—whether governments should exercise more or less control over economic life—[James] Otteson’s major assumption is simple: as human beings, we all have an equal worth and an equal moral agency. Thus, interventions into the market economy, whether they be large or small, are presumptively illegitimate because they supersede the judgment of peacefully contracting parties. This is true even when the goal is economic equality itself. Market participants have different talents, training, and goals, so implementing government policy that would force them into an identical status would mean disrespecting their freely chosen life paths.”

Published by

Rajesh Jain

An Entrepreneur based in Mumbai, India.